Santos, a linguist and one of the brainchilds of the national language. He devised an alphabet with twenty letters, directly derived from the letters of Baybayin and pronounced in the same way. The new alphabet contained the following letters: A, B, K, D, E, G, H, I, L, M, N, Ng, O, P, R, S, T, U, W, YĪt that time, other phonemes that would be included much later in additions of the alphabet did not exist yet. This especially was the focus of languages such as Pilipino, where the emphasis was to use pure Tagalog (which uses the phonemes listed above) before word borrowings even took place. In 1973, the National Language Institute adopted Abakada and later, in 1976, expanded the alphabet as the need for borrowed words arose. The alphabet then contained 31 letters, using the entire Spanish alphabet and the ng of Tagalog. In practice, however, the digraphs ch, ll and rr were considered as two separate letters. In 1987, those digraphs were dropped and the alphabet was reduced to today's 28 letters. Today, Tagalog is written using the Alpabetong Filipino. The alphabet today uses the following letters: 1 However, many dictionaries still use Abakada.
However, consonants in Abakada are pronounced as they were in Baybayin (Ba, Ka, Da, etc.).
The letter "Ñ" is pronounced the same way as it is in Spanish.īelow is a table of the modern Tagalog alphabet. There are two pronunciation columns: one for pronunciation in Abakada and the other for pronunciation in the Alpabetong Filipino. The fourth column is the sound column, to approximate with English. If there are no notes in the notes column, the letter is written and/or is pronounced the same way as its English equivalent.
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